Why Ramadan’s Start Date Varies Across the World ?

Special Report by Ishrat Yasmeen

The beginning of Ramadan, the holiest month in Islam, is determined by the sighting of the crescent moon (Hilal). However, despite its universal significance, the official start date of Ramadan can vary across different countries and regions.

How is Ramadan’s Start Determined?

Islam follows the lunar calendar, meaning that months begin with the sighting of the new crescent moon. Unlike the solar-based Gregorian calendar, the Islamic Hijri calendar is about 10–12 days shorter, causing Ramadan to shift earlier each year.

Why Do Different Countries Start Ramadan on Different Days?

The variation in Ramadan’s start date occurs due to several factors:

1. Moon Visibility & Weather Conditions
   • The crescent moon may not always be visible due to cloud cover, atmospheric conditions, or geographical differences.
   • Some regions may experience a clear sky, while others remain overcast, affecting moon sightings.
2. Astronomical Calculations vs. Traditional Sighting
   • Some countries strictly rely on physical moon sighting with the naked eye, while others use astronomical calculations to determine the first day of Ramadan.
   • Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and most Gulf nations follow astronomical predictions, while Pakistan, India, and Morocco often wait for an actual sighting.
3. Different Moon Sighting Authorities
   • Many countries have official moon sighting committees that make independent announcements.
   • Saudi Arabia’s moon sighting decision influences many nations, but others, like Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Indonesia, conduct their own observations.
4. Time Zone Differences
   • The crescent moon appears at different times across the globe, meaning some countries may see it earlier than others.
   • For example, Ramadan may begin in the Middle East a day before the United States or Australia.

A Shared Spiritual Beginning Despite Differences

Although the official start date of Ramadan may differ by a day from one country to another, the essence of the month remains the same. Muslims worldwide unite in fasting, prayer, and reflection, embracing the blessings of this sacred period.

Regardless of when it begins, Ramadan remains a time of spiritual growth, self-discipline, and community unity for Muslims around the world.